In the New Plant Variety Protection Act, the right to monopolize the implementation as a business is granted through procedures such as application, examination, and establishment registration, which formally is very similar to the patent system in protecting plant new varieties. However, upon closer examination, there are notable differences in terms of protection requirements, the concept of implementation, limitations on efficacy, and the duration of validity. Moreover, the operation of a variety name registration system, through which one can acquire rights similar to trademark rights for variety names via plant variety protection applications, is quite exceptional in the framework of intellectual property law. In other words, the New Plant Variety Protection Act, by protecting the rights of breeders, encourages the development of new varieties, and by preventing confusion of variety names, contributes to the maintenance of trading order and industrial development, thus sharing the roles of patent and trademark systems. This paper aims to discuss the improvement measures of the Plant Variety Protection System by reviewing and comparing it with the patent system, and examining the variety name registration system. Particularly, although there are regulations adjusting the relationship with the trademark law in the variety name registration system, there is absolutely no legislative measure prepared for adjusting the relationship with the patent law where the subject of protection can overlap. Hence, this paper discusses improvement measures centering around the relationships with trademark and patent laws.